Skype English School

The past perfect is formed with had and the past participle of the verb:

present: He wakes up.

past: He woke up.

past perfect: He had woken up.

 

Infinitive

 

back off

 

present tense             -ing form      past tense      past participle

back off & backs off    backing off      backed off       backed off

 

1. back off p.v. When you move away from danger or a person you are arguing or fighting with in order to avoid injury or a more serious fight or argument, you back off. When you tell people to back off, you are warning them that you are becoming angry and that a fight or argument is likely.

 

I'm warning you! You'd better back off. 

Tom backed off when he saw that Jake had a gun.

 

Infinitive

 

come across

 

present tense                             -ing form        past tense past participle

come across & comes across coming across       came across come across

 

1. come across p.v. When people cross from one side of a space or distance to where you are, they come across.

As soon as Nicole saw me, she came across the room and gave me a big hug. 

By 1910, millions of immigrants had come across the ocean to America.

 

2. come across p.v. When you come across people or things, you see or find them without planning or expecting to. Run across is similar to come across.

On the trail, we came across some hikers from Australia.

 

3. come across p.v. When something you say or do comes across a certain way, your attitude or feelings are perceived in this way by other people.

His American humor didn't come across well in Britain.

 

come up

 

ome up & comes up coming up came up come up

 

1. come up (to) p.v. When people move toward you to a higher level or position, or from the south to the north, they come up. Come down is the opposite of come up.

Why don't you come up and see me some time? 

My cousin from San Antonio came up to Detroit last week.

 

2. come up p.v. When you move to a higher social or professional position, you come up.

 The major didn't go to the military academy. He came up through the ranks.

 

3. come up p.v. When a new topic is introduced into a conversation, it comes up.

We were discussing possible candidates to manage the new office, and your name came up.

 

4. come up p.v. When something unexpected happens that requires further attention, it comes up.                           

I'm sorry I can't go to your party; something important has come up. 

Until this situation came up, we were having a nice, relaxing weekend.

 

5. come up p.v. [always continuous] When something is coming up, it will  happen soon.

 Mother's Day is coming up, so I need to buy my mother a gift soon. 

The TV announcer told the audience what was coming up after the commercial.

 

Infinitive

 

fall through

 

present tense                           -ing form      past tense      past participle

fall through & falls through falling through      fell through      fallen through

 

1. fall through p.v. When people or things drop through an opening from one side to the other side, they fall through.

The roofer had fallen through a hole in the roof.

My Uncle Fred was ice fishing when he fell through a hole in the ice and was never seen again.

 

2. fall through p.v. When a plan, an arrangement, or a business deal does not happen or is canceled because of a problem or because someone does not do what is expected, it falls through.

The family reunion fell through after Dad got sick. 

Our house is back on the market. The deal fell through because the buyers couldn't get a loan.

 

put out

 

put up & puts up putting up put up put up

 

1. put... up p.v. When you move something to a higher level, you put it up.

Put these knives up where the baby can't reach them.

 He aimed the gun at me and said, "Put your hands up or I'll shoot."

 

2. put... up p.v. When you attach something, such as a picture or a sign, to a wall, you put it up.

The teacher had put some posters up in her new classroom. 

Our real estate agent is putting up a "for sale" sign.

 

3. put... up p.v. When you build or install something, such as a building, shelf, fence, or wall, you put it up.

We need to put up a fence to keep the rabbits out of our garden.

 I talked to a carpenter about putting up some shelves in the family room.

 

4. put... up p.v. When you erect or assemble something that is collapsed, folded, or in several pieces, you put it up.

The circus put up their tent outside of town. 

The Native Americans stopped by the river and put up their teepees.

 

5. put up p.v. When you contribute money to pay for or help pay for something, you put up the money.

The mayor offered to put up half the money necessary to build a new stadium

for the team. 

Mr. Taylor said he would put up $3 million toward the cost of a new cancer

treatment facility.

 

6.put up p.v. When you fight, resist, or argue against something, you put up a

fight or put up resistance.

The union put up a fight when the company tried to lay off workers. 

The Japanese put up little resistance when the marines landed.

 

7.put... up p.v. When you put people up, you let them stay with you, usually

temporarily, in your house or in a hotel.

Sam didn't have anywhere else to go after the fire, so I said I would put him up for a couple of nights. 

The hotel desk clerk apologized for not being able to put us up.

 

Infinitive

 

screw on

 

present tense                  -ing form          past tense past participle

screw on & screws on screwing on screwed on screwed on

 

1. screw... on p.v. When you screw on the top of a circular container, you turn it so

that it becomes tight and keeps the contents of the container inside.

I hadn't screwed the top of the gas can on tight enough, and all the gas leaked out. 

If you don't screw the top of the bottle on, the soda pop will go flat.

screwed on part.adj. After you turn the top of a circular container so that it becomes tight and keeps the contents of the container inside, the top is screwed on.

 

2.screw... on p.v. When you attach part of a mechanical device with spiral grooves

to another part with spiral grooves, you screw it on.

Make sure you screw each of the nuts on tightly.

Put the new ink cartridge in the bottom half of the pen and then screw on the top.

screwed on part.adj. After you attach part of a mechanical device with spiral grooves to another part with spiral grooves, the first part is screwed on.

The top of that water bottle isn't screwed on, and it might leak all over the place.

 

sign in

sign in & signs in signing in signed in signed in

 

1. sign ... in p.v. When you sign in, you write your name on a list to show that you have arrived at your workplace or at some other place, such as a hotel or a club.

I'm going to be late. Could you sign me in? 

All visitors to the consulate are asked to sign in.

 

Infinitive

 

sign out

present tense                  -ing form         past tense past participle

sign out & signs out  signing out signed out signed out

 

1. sign ... out p.v. When you sign out, you write your name on a list to show that

you have left your workplace or some other place, such as a hotel or club.

Jim isn't here. He signed out at 5:06.

Dr. Wood usually forgets to sign out when she leaves the dink.

 

2. sign ... out p.v. When you sign something out, such as a book or something

valuable or important, you write your name on a list to show that you have borrowed

the item and are responsible for returning it.

The professor signed the book out of the rare book room. 

Remember to sign out your lab equipment before chemistry class.